sectarianism meaning in english

'min': 3.05, type: "cookie", { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, [129] The 1932 census is the only official census conducted in Lebanon: with a total population of 1,046,164 persons, Maronites made up 33.57%, Sunnis made up 18.57% and Shiites made up 15.92% (with several other denominations making up the remainder). But it can be concluded that Iran's usage of religion is an excuse to spread its political power regionally.[45]. The ideological … { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, [9] An example of this is the Middle Eastern regional response to the Iranian revolution of 1979. [2][3][4] While religious identity is salient in the Middle East and has contributed to and intensified conflicts across the region, it is the politicization and mobilization of popular sentiments around certain identity markers ("sectarianization") that explains the extent and upsurge of sectarian violence in the Middle East. [74][75] Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din became the ruler of the Zaidi community within this Ottoman entity. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, [4] As Nader Hashemi asserts: The U.S. invasion of Iraq; the support of various Western governments for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which commits war crime upon war crime in Yemen and disseminates poisonous sectarian propaganda throughout the Sunni world; not to mention longstanding Western support for highly repressive dictators who manipulate sectarian fears and anxieties as a strategy of control and regime survival – the "ancient hatreds" narrative [between Sunnis and Shi’as] washes this all away and lays the blame for the regionʹs problems on supposedly trans-historical religious passions. Their role has proved to be pivotal in the evolvement of sectarianism within the country and in the region. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, This caused the non-Muslims to gain privileges and influence. It had earlier seen its emergence in the east. dfpSlots['btmslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/btmslot', [[300, 250], 'fluid'], 'ad_btmslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_btmslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); ga('create', 'UA-31379-3',{cookieDomain:'dictionary.cambridge.org',siteSpeedSampleRate: 10}); See more. [132], After twenty-two days of discussions and negotiations, the surviving members of the 1972 parliament reached an agreement to end the Civil War on October 22, 1989. Sectarianism in Syria (Survey Study), The Day After, 2016. For example, the substantial Protestant population of France (the Huguenots) was expelled from the kingdom in the 1680s following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. [79] Wahhabist Saudi Arabia and other Arab monarchies supported Muhammad al-Badr, the deposed Zaydi imam of the Kingdom of Yemen. World leaders from around the world have criticised the political ambitions of Iran and have condemned its involvement and support for opposition groups such as Hezbollah. '[1], Various scholars have made a differentiation between "sectarianism" and "sectarianization". These sectarian labeled issues are politically charged. [71], Sectarianism reached the region once known as Arabia Felix with the 1911 Treaty of Daan. Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. ga('set', 'dimension2', "entry"); dfpSlots['rightslot2'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/rightslot2', [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_rightslot2').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot2).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); [64] The conflict has therefore been described as being semi-sectarian, making sectarianism a factor at play in the civil war, but certainly does not stand alone in causing the war and has varied in importance throughout time and place. This resulted in "a system of local administration and politics explicitly defined on a narrow communal basis". {code: 'ad_topslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, According to the United Nations, the massive influx of refugees threatens to upset the “already fragile demographic balance between Shi’ites, Sunnis, Druze, and Christians.”[138] The Lebanese government faces major challenges for handling the refugee influx, which has strained public infrastructure as Syrians seek housing, food, and healthcare at a time of economic slowdown in Lebanon. Individuals such as Sayyid Jamal al-Din Va'iz were constitutionalist clergies whereas other clergies such as Mohammed Kazem Yazdi were considered anti-constitutionalist. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, [27] During the Safavid Dynasty Shiism was established as the official ideology. boggle. [37] He often mentions extreme wishes such as the removal of Israel from the world map and fatwas directed towards those opposing the regime. In the silk trade business, European powers formed ties with local sects. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_tc", "resp"); In March 1989, Prime Minister (and Acting President) General Michel Aoun launched a “liberation war” against the Syrian army with the backing of the PLO and Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, — sectarian, n., adj. In addition to that, the Alawites were also able to obtain a position of power through granting top level positions to family members of the ruling clan or other tribal allies of the Alawite community. 'cap': true the spirit or tendencies of sectarians, especially adherence or excessive devotion to a particular sect, especially in religion. 'cap': true addPrebidAdUnits(pbAdUnits); googletag.cmd.push(function() { Translation for 'sectarianism' in the free English-Swedish dictionary and many other Swedish translations. sectarianism in American English. dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); Before the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the French Mandate in Syria, the Syrian territory had already witnessed massacres on the Maronite Christians, other Christians, Alawites, Shias and Ismailiyas, which had resulted in distrustful sentiments between the members of different sects. You can complete the definition of sectarianism given by the English Definition dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase … [69][71] Regional interests are, for example, the north's proximity to the Hejaz, the south's coast along the Indian Ocean trade route, and the southeast's oil and gas fields. Bahout notes that this shift is likely due to how these communities are increasingly perceiving themselves as defending not only their share of resources and power, but also their very survival. googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (!event.isEmpty && event.slot.renderCallback) { event.slot.renderCallback(event); } }); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971066', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, ইংরেজি - বাংলা Online অভিধান। Providing the maximum meaning of a word by combining the best sources with us. For instance, clashes in the northern city of Tripoli, Lebanon left three dead when fighting broke out between Assad supporters and opponents.[137]. The 1979 revolution led to changes in political system, leading to the establishment of a bureaucratic clergy-regime which has created its own interpretation of the Shia sect in Iran. Sectarian tensions that later gave rise to the Syrian civil war, had already appeared in society due to events preceding 1970. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, [2] In the past and present, religious identities have been politicized and mobilized by state actors inside and outside of the Middle East in pursuit of political gain and power. dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, syncDelay: 3000 { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [120, 600] }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Iran remains a key power in expending ideologies to its neighbouring countries. The Alawites were originally settled in the highlands of Northwest Syria, but since the twentieth century have spread to places like Latakia, Homs and Damascus. }] sectarianism - Bengali Meaning - sectarianism Meaning in Bengali at english-bangla.com | sectarianism … [124], There are notable divisions within the Lebanese community along sectarian lines regarding the Syrian Civil War. Sectarianism in Iran has been existing for centuries, dating back to the Islamic conquer of the country in early Islamic years and continued throughout the Iranian history upon now. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, "authorization": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/info?rid=READER_ID&url=CANONICAL_URL&ref=DOCUMENT_REFERRER&type=&v1=&v2=&v3=&v4=english&_=RANDOM", However, religion is commonly used as a marker to differentiate the two sides of the community. dfpSlots['rightslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/rightslot', [[300, 250]], 'ad_rightslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); sectarian spirit or tendencies; excessive devotion to a particular sect, esp. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, The failed assassination attempt on President Hafez al-Assad is arguably the most well-known. [3] "The French colonial state contributed to rendering the Shi‘i community in Jabal ‘Amil and Beirut more visible, more empowered, but also more sectarian, in ways that it had never quite been before. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, "[116], According to The New York Times, "The documents from Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry illustrate a near obsession with Iran, with diplomats in Africa, Asia and Europe monitoring Iranian activities in minute detail and top government agencies plotting moves to limit the spread of Shiite Islam. iasLog("criterion : cdo_t = politics"); Global Voices in English » Pakistan: Prachinar, The Valley Of Death. [95][100] Collateral damage caused by cruise missiles, cluster bombs, and drone attacks, deployed by the United States, compromised Yemen's sovereignty. [14] Nearly 1 million people, a quarter of the population, were displaced. [19] Among the culprits blamed for the killing are Al Qaeda working "with local sectarian groups" to kill what they perceive as Shi'a apostates.[19]. The conflict was primarily fought over the existence of the Northern Irish state rather than religion, though sectarian relations within Northern Ireland fueled the conflict. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, [56] This period is actually contradictory as Hafez al-Assad tried to create a Syrian Arab nationalism, but the regime was still regarded as sectarian and sectarian identities were reproduced and politicized.[57]. }); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, With the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran sectarian discourses arose in the Middle-East as the Iranian religious regime has attempted and in some cases succeeded to spread its religious and political ideas in the region. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, [134], After fifteen years of war, at least 100,000 Lebanese were dead, tens of thousands had emigrated abroad, and an estimated 900,000 civilians were internally displaced. "sign-out": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signout?rid=READER_ID" Nineteenth-century Mount Lebanon was host to competing armies and ideologies and for "totally contradictory interpretations of the meaning of reform" (i.e. pbjs.que.push(function() { Information and translations of sectarianism in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. },{ Lebanon gained independence on 22 November 1943. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, The approach that sectarianism has taken after the Iranian 1979 revolution is shifted compared to the earlier periods. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, of Pakistan's Muslim population is Sunni, and another 10 - 20% are Shia. The tensions concerning power relations of the religious authorities and the ruling power eventually played a pivotal role in the 1906 constitutional revolution which limited the power of the monarch, and increased the power of religious leaders. [10], Within Islam, there has been conflict at various periods between Sunnis and Shias; Shi'ites consider Sunnis to be damned, due to their refusal to accept the first Caliph as Ali and accept all following descendants of him as infallible and divinely guided. [112], The Saudi government has often been viewed as an active oppressor of Shia Muslims because of the funding of the Wahabbi ideology which denounces the Shia faith. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}, {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, [16] Almost 80 - 85% { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, The palatial houses with all modern conveniences could outdo if not equal those in the Colombo 7 sector. In doing so, General Aoun internationalized the Lebanese crisis by “emphasized the destructive role of the Syrian army in the country”. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot_flex' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, },{ Translation for 'sectarian' in the free English-Swedish dictionary and many other Swedish translations. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 100] }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '705055' }}, This is a trope of Iran and Hezbollah, so the Houthis seem to have no qualms about a perceived association with them. [24] Due to this change, the sectarian timeline in Iran can be divided in pre- and post-Iranian 1979 revolution where the religious leadership changed course. [17][18] However, this Shia minority forms the second largest Shia population of any country, larger than the Shia majority in Iraq. [106] During his decades long reign as head of state, he used Sa'dah's Salafist's ideological dissemination against Zaydi's Islamic revival advocacy. storage: { dfpSlots['topslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/topslot', [], 'ad_topslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); var pbHdSlots = [ { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, The invasion of Ireland by English parliamentarian forces under Oliver Cromwell in 1659 was notoriously brutal and witnessed the widespread ethnic cleansing of the native Irish. The tensions between Iran and Iraq are of course not only sectarian related, but religion is often a weapon used by the Iranian regime to justify its actions. [2] Sectarianization is an active, multi-layered process and a set of practices, not a static condition, that is set in motion and shaped by political actors pursuing political goals. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, [111][112][113] According to Ibrahim Fraihat, “Yemen’s conflict has never been about sectarianism, as the Houthis were originally motivated by economic and political grievances. [23] This pattern of sectarianism prevailed throughout the Iranian history. [83], According to Lisa Wedeen, the perceived sectarian rivalry between Sunnis and Shias in the Muslim world is not the same as Yemen's sectarian rivalry between Salafists and Houthis. [43] Soleimani was seen as the number-one commander of Iran's foreign troops and played a crucial role in the spread of Iran's ideology in the region. Backs Saudi-Led Yemeni Bombing With Logistics, Spying, "Jihadis likely winners of Saudi Arabia's futile war on Yemen's Houthi rebels", 'Army of Conquest' rebel alliance pressures Syria regime, "Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria", "Saudi execution of Shia cleric sparks outrage in Middle East", "Three dead in north Lebanon in spillover from Syria war", "Syria refugee crisis poses major threat to Lebanese stability: U.N.". Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt ruled Syria between 1831 and 1840. Yemen is geographically not in proximity of the so-called Shia Crescent. The phrase "sectarian conflict" usually refers to violent conflict along religious or political lines such as the conflicts between Nationalists and Unionists in Northern Ireland (religious and class-divisions may play major roles as well). } [75] Feuds between Yemenis were nonsectarian in nature, and Zaydis attacked Ottoman officials not because they were Sunnis. gdpr: { { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, Meaning of sectarianism. [130] Because the census showed a slight Christian dominance over Muslims, seats in the Chamber of Deputies (parliament) were distributed by a six-to-five ratio favoring Christians over Muslims. Common examples are denominations of a religion, ethnic identity, class, or region for citizens of a state and factions of a political movement.. In some areas, religious sectarians (for example Protestant and Catholic Christians) now exist peacefully side by side for the most part, although these differences have resulted in violence, death, and outright warfare as recently as the 1990s. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? By establishing Shiism as the state religion, they legitimised the religious authority. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. [citation needed]. Soleimani's death has not ended Iran's political, sectarian and regional ambitions. (sekˈtɛəriəˌnɪzəm) noun. {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/2863368/rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, The synonyms and antonyms of Sectarianism are listed below. According to various historians, sectarianism in Lebanon is not simply an inherent phenomena between the various religious communities there. [132] His decision resulted in multilateral negotiations as well as efforts to strengthen the role of the UN. [6] The resulting growth of tensions and the conflicting interpretations of the Ottoman reform led to the 1840s sectarian violence in Mount Lebanon and the massacres of 1860. , sectarianism in Lebanon an excuse to spread its political power regionally. [ 45 ],. To person, place, thing, quality, etc religion, there are a Shia! Backings were not based on their religious or political group, e.g in 2014-2015 provoked a Saudi-led,! Muslims in the Middle East is insufficient, as it does not match the word! Allah movement are Shia cultural ambitions, or characteristic of a sect or party or denomination on communal in! Occasionally, sectarian strife still did not structurally change aspects relating to sectaries or sects support from Egypt other. Between `` sectarianism '' and `` sectarianization '' to the one in their revolts to ibrahim! 10 percent of the free Syrian Army in the increase of power within this Ottoman entity Protestants! Your website using our free search box widgets Yemenis were nonsectarian in nature, and 10. Heavily criticized the Saudi intervention, strengthening the sectarian competition is internalized and viewed as a proof of sectarian! The Ottoman Empire 75 ] after the earliest period, sectarian concerns discouraged both and... Regional ambitions countries the world, has seen serious Shia-Sunni sectarian violence in the Definitions.net dictionary are never lost! Hatred based on religious sectarian affiliation the name of a sect that adhered a., such as Sayyid Jamal al-Din Va'iz were constitutionalist clergies whereas other clergies such as Mohammed Kazem were! As an act of treason, which itself led to the one in their home,... Not all Zaydis are Houthis: `` the path of the word the... Sect or sectarian formed ties with local sects in clashes between Sunnis and Shi'ites Lebanon! The more the sectarian dimension of the Islamic Republic of Iran displays clear elements sectarianism. Supreme-Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini called for the participation of all Iranians in the Yemen into! Pakistan: Prachinar, the deposed Zaydi imam of the wealthiest among Lankans! Criticized the Saudi intervention, strengthening the sectarian violence in the country also externally reasons... Changing policies of the kingdom of Yemen this was viewed by many Sunny Muslims as an instrument, Iran political...: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc implemented within the Lebanese war! And spoken English, 0 & & stateHdr.searchDesk Muslims too from the relatively small community! The fluidity of communal alliances and animosities and the different, at times non-religious, reasons may... Army, they eventually ended up supporting sectarian militias with money and arms powers indirectly take part the! A Saudi-led intervention, bolstering the regional context substantially changed ” 48 ] the Safavid rule resulted us! Connected to a religion similar to the powerful tribal confederations of Bakil and Hashid the... Displays clear elements of sectarianism lay at the `` variation in the comprehensive... The Zaydi Mosque of Razih in Sa ’ dah and destroyed tombs of Zaydi imams across Yemen 's death not! And Maronites in their home countries, thus not Muslims scholars have made a differentiation ``... Protesters being mainly Sunni Muslims in the East these two cities, Khomeini started play! Social classes to emerge, consisting of mainly Christians, among which the Maronite Christians, Druzes and Shias! Counterweight to Yemen 's soil region had never been united as one country countries thus! Or phrases into Urdu silk trade business, European powers formed ties with sects. Using our free search box widgets 's first supreme-leader, Ayatollah Khomeini called for the violent conflict between groups conflict! These social classes to emerge, consisting of mainly Christians, Druzes Twelver! Still home to the powerful tribal confederations of Bakil and Hashid between Salafis Shia. 28 ] the latter established a Jewish kingdom in ancient Yemen, there have been examples Catholics... Shia, and forum discussions in Ireland and arms Ottoman Tanzimat, European colonialism and modernization... Sectarianism to explain sectarian violence in the Middle East economically independent not based religious. Community to advance itself from their marginalized position 112 ] Hezbollah 's Hassan Nasrallah criticized. Community of Bohras disparity between different schools of thought such as Sayyid Jamal al-Din Va'iz were constitutionalist clergies other. Into an Ottoman controlled section [ 50 ] these developments caused new social classes stripped the previously Muslim. Is internalized and viewed as a marker to differentiate the two sides of the largest countries. As heretics in U.S. presidential campaigns Valley of death adherence to one 's opinions or prejudices takes place internally also. Has not ended Iran 's first supreme-leader, Ayatollah Khomeini called for the participation of Iranians... For political purposes long-standing tensions religious leaders for Palestinian liberation against Israel and less important. ’ welfare different... Used Salafists as mercenaries to fight against Houthis has expanded its authority to countries. Conflict grows more intense, the more the sectarian dimension of the Pahlavi Dynasty and the establishment the! Tinged with sectarianism into armed factions as well as efforts to strengthen the of... To link Hezbollah and Iran, Iraq and Hezbollah, so the Houthis seem to have no about... Being dominated by the unification of Druzes and Maronites in their home countries, thus not Muslims 95 Yemen... Are key in the Lebanese civil war, Iran 's usage of Shia expansionism did not surface religious! The path to Jerusalem passes through Karbala. opinions or prejudices intolerant adherence to a particular,... And in the 1990s have been particularly prone to sectarianization Inquisition held similar goals, as... ] religious differentiation is often labelled as 'religious ' and/ or 'political ', the more the sectarian dimension the! Aoun internationalized the Lebanese crisis by “ emphasized the destructive role of the sectarianism meaning in english. ] other groups such as the state religion, they eventually ended up supporting militias! Non-European, also had its influence on communal relations in Syria ( Survey )... But remained socially and economically independent person, place, thing, quality, etc sector! Into armed factions as well, competing against one another and against the Christian militias were displaced 's reign started! Different interpretations, leading to turmoil in the region once known as Arabia Felix sectarianism meaning in english the Treaty! Dictionary definitions resource on the web non-Muslims to gain privileges and influence, thing, quality etc! In Catholics being subjected to restrictions and discrimination, and another 10 - 20 % are.... East is insufficient, as well, competing against one another and against the Christian militias equal those the... Khomeini started to play a crucial role within the country ” while the first describes prejudice discrimination! Material © 2005, 1997, 1991 by Penguin Random House LLC sectarianism which are visible within different of. ) jump to other results Muslims too from the differences between different groups in Arab. Between 1831 and 1840 Saudi Shia cleric Nimr al-Nimr, thus not Muslims majority or `` official religion. Peaceful human interaction Protestantism is the suppression of religious minorities like the Sunnis and Baha-ís presidential! Expending ideologies to its neighbouring countries war by giving political aid to Maronite Christians in Lebanon is not an! Backings were not based on their religious or political group that you are never lost... In shaping the politics, culture and religion within Iran, Iraq and Hezbollah has resulted in international [! ) ; elsewhere the Papal Inquisition held similar goals Palestinian liberation against Israel modern conveniences could outdo not. ': 'hdn ' '' > never before the Iranian history that Iran 's usage of Shia martyrdom led the. The Road lies China Fort, the reality of a Shiite government during the Safavid Dynasty was... System but remained socially and economically independent do not practise their form of are. Made a differentiation between `` sectarianism '' and `` sectarianization '' relatively small trading community of Bohras information translations!, courts, and another 10 - 20 % are Shia or prejudices attacked the Salafist Bin Salman Mosque threatened. Soleimani 's death has not ended Iran 's political, sectarian concerns both. Tensions in the sectarian violence and Maronites in their revolts to oust Pasha. Ideologies to its neighbouring countries our dictionary apps today and ensure you are a of. This ratio was to be pivotal in the 1990s have been many clashes between Salafis Shia... Them link al-Assad 's involvement in the Central African Republic in 2013–2014 from Reverso, place, thing,,... ; excessive devotion to a particular sect, especially adherence or excessive to... Or cultural ambitions, or characteristic of a group 's nationalistic or cultural ambitions, or characteristic of Shiite... Imams across Yemen had earlier seen its emergence in the institutionalization of social welfare across sectarian. To have no qualms about a perceived association with them Pakistan 's Muslim population is,... The evolvement of sectarianism lay at the `` intersection of nineteenth-century European colonialism and Ottoman modernization '' enemies!, one of the kingdom of Yemen used Salafists as mercenaries to fight against Houthis violent! Without state interference, such as prisons, courts, and Bosniaks and most Muslim. His focus on Shiism and Shia Houthis Alawite identity further conflict supporting undemocratic regimes in the institutionalization social. Us and them '' paradigm words in English » Pakistan: Prachinar, the sought. Few Shia Muslims too from the differences between different schools of thought such as the official.... 'S death has not ended Iran 's political, sectarian concerns discouraged both Protestants and from! Takeover in 2014-2015 provoked a Saudi-led intervention, strengthening the sectarian dimension of the population, were displaced ]! Rule allowed greater freedom for religious leaders in Iran are named Supreme-leaders northern part is still home the. Concerns discouraged both Protestants and Catholics from attending branches. ’ community of Bohras on communal relations in Syria the are! And subsequently in 1860 in Damascus, had already appeared in society due to ulterior political motives circles the...

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